Structural behavior of precast concrete wall panels due to dynamic load: A review
The rapid population growth and urbanization have made a massive demand for the shelter and construction materials. Masonry walls are the major component in the housing sector and it has brittle characteristics and exhibit poor performance against the uncertain loads. Further, the structure requires heavier sections for carrying the dead weight of masonry walls. The present investigations are carried out to develop a simple, lightweight and cost effective technology for replacing the existing wall systems. The lightweight concrete is developed for the construction of cement wall panel. The EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) beads of 3 mm diameter size are mixed with concrete and developed a lightweight concrete with a density 9 kN/m3. The lightweight sandwich panel is cast with a lightweight concrete inner core and ferrocement outer skins. This lightweight wall panel is tested for in-plane compression loading. A nonlinear finite element analysis with damaged plasticity model is carried out with both material and geometrical nonlinearities. The experimental and analytical results were compared. The finite element study predicted the ultimate load carrying capacity of the sandwich panel with reasonable accuracy. The present study showed that the lightweight concrete is well suitable for the lightweight sandwich wall panels.

Architectural precast concrete wall panels that act as loadbearing elements in a building are both a structurally efficient and economical means o f transferring floor and roof loads through the structure  and into the foundation. In many cases, this integration can also simplify construction and reduce costs. This article presents the many benefit s that ca n be derived from using loadbearing architectural precast concrete walls in buildings. Discussed herein are the various shapes and sizes of wall pane ls, major design considerations, and when loadbearing or shear wall units should be the  first design choice. The role o f connections, shear walls, and the use of precast concrete as forms for cast-in-place concrete is explained. In general, the design methods and techniques presented in  this article apply to buildings in both seismic and non-seismic areas. The latter part of this article shows how these design principles can be applied in practice in a variety of buildings. These examples illustrate the use of window wall panels, spandrels, and solid or sandwich wall panels as the loadbearing wall members. When all the advantages of using architectural precast concrete as loadbearing walls are added up, it  makes good sense to use this structural form in building applications. 

An experimental study has been carried out to determine the strength and behaviour of bamboo-reinforced concrete wood texture cement wall panel under one-way in-plane action. Three full-scale bamboo-reinforced concrete wall panels were tested to fail under a uniformly distributed load applied at an eccentricity of t/6. Slenderness ratio of all wall panels was kept constant as 25 with varying aspect ratio and thinness ratio. The influence of aspect ratio and thinness ratio on the ultimate strength and behaviour of wall panel was studied. The aspect ratio of wall panels considered includes 1, 1.204 and 1.515, and thinness ratio of wall panels includes 16.5, 20.75 and 25. Based on the study, an empirical equation for predicting the ultimate load of bamboo-reinforced concrete wall panel was proposed.

The effect of the earthquake resulted in the destruction of infrastructure, especially residential buildings. The construction of decent housing with an adequate level of security is a demand. Generally, the most severe damage when an earthquake occurs is wall collapse of the houses. The precast panel wall is an alternative solution in answering the needs of post-earthquake housing development, because of the fast construction time and high calculation accuracy. The behavior of structural precast concrete split rock surface wall panels designed improperly instead of following the standard or regulations will likely encounter a poor performance during an earthquake compared to those designed in accordance with the standards. The purpose of the present study is to compile the findings from previous studies of precast concrete panel walls, especially their performances in handling earthquake load. It reveals that the stability, especially in ductility, affects the performance of precast concrete panel walls. In this study, the walls of precast concrete panels are made in half scale and given dynamic loads to simulate earthquake forces. This review is expected to provide guideline of similar subsequent research.
It’s no wonder demand for precast is rising, especially considering the numerous benefits structural precast panels offer — from quick installation to fire resistance.

1. Thermal insulation

All elements of a well-engineered structural precast panel work together to provide a high level of insulation. Manufacturers often use a combination of concrete and EPS foam that maximizes the foam in the concrete piece, increasing insulation capabilities. A building constructed of structural precast panels may reduce energy consumption by as much as 30%.

2. Sustainable materials

Quite simply, a building made with structural precast panels will consume less energy, but an idea that should be at the heart of any sustainability conversation is product life. The use of concrete dates back to Roman times and its durability is still on display all across Europe. That raw, ancient building material has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years. Many of the materials used in precast concrete are, as a rule, locally sourced, including the cement, the coarse and fine aggregates, and the steel.

3. Long-term viability and flexibility

Structural precast allows for a very modular building envelope. As business requirements change and needs evolve, an existing precast building has the flexibility to be expanded and modified. With structural precast concrete panels, you can add or remove pedestrian doors and dock doors, incorporate daylighting options, and even remove 75% of a wall. And due to its modular design, total repurposing of a precast building is entirely possible; churches can become car dealerships, warehouses can become micro-breweries… the options are only limited by a property owner’s imagination.

4. Quick installation

Speed is a critical hallmark of structural precast construction. “With precast panels, you can establish a larger completed footprint in a shorter amount of time,” says George Miks, director of engineering.“If you think of a masonry wall, what they send out to the site are a bunch of blocks that have to be assembled and constructed out in the field.” When structural precast panels arrive at a job site, the pieces are ready to install. If things go smoothly out in the field, an experienced crew can install 20 to 30, 12-foot panels in a day.

5. Load-bearing capabilities and wind resistance

Structural precast concrete panels are comprised of high-strength concrete and prestressed steel strand. It’s relatively routine for precast concrete wall panels have a compressive strength of approximately 7,000 PSI. You can apply loads in excess of 100,000 pounds to the panels, Miks says. “When you build steel buildings, for instance, you have to put up perimeter beams and columns and then put steel skin against it. All of that steel has to support those enclosure panels,” Miks says. “With a structural precast wall system, you don’t need any of those perimeter beams and columns. You can just tip up the panel and have the roof steel members themselves attach to the precast. That also means you’ll be spending less on steel.” Precast also stands up to Mother Nature’s wrath, shrugging off tornadoes, flying projectiles and winds up to 250 miles per hour.

6. Fire and sound ratings

Concrete is obviously an effective barrier for fire; it simply doesn’t burn well. Precast concrete thin cement rammed earth wall panels are capable of providing a two- to four-hour fire rating. Precast walls also stay intact even in hot chemical fires. Warehouses often use precast wall panels as dividers to protect goods on the other side of fire-prone areas. “The more delay you can create from one side to the other, the better chance of getting people out safely without incident and also the higher probability of protecting goods and services,” Miks says.

Constructing a commercial structure is a huge undertaking and a significant investment. Whether you’re charged with the growth of a company, serving your community or building a legacy of your own, precast construction is a solid, responsible option said Miks.
In this paper, an optimization-based design model of precast concrete cement rustic decoration wall panels for a building facade is presented. The key concept is an integrated model that can concurrently handle all of the related design and construction disciplines in the decision making process. The integrated model is decomposed hierarchically into several subproblems, thus a multilevel multiobjective optimization problem is obtained. Besides the multilevel aspect, the model presented can also handle knowledge-based requirements which are in general difficult to deal with by conventional hill-climbing optimization schemes. A solution procedure to solve this model is developed and applied to an example of PCWP for a four-story building facade.

Various bugfixes.

Tweak:
- Res Szayel: Gabriel now deals 35 damage to whoever killed him.
- Res Tousen: La Mirada and Los Nueve Aspectos don't ignore invul by default, but will ignore invul during Bleak Darkness.
- Ganju: Bonnie Chan now instantly deals 30 damage.
- Child Nel: Now correctly targets herself too.

Buffs:
- Kenpachi: Stab now has no cooldown.
- Jinta: Batting stance now gives 10 DD, up 5 from 5.
- Numb Chandelier: Viral Seed. This skill will last 3 turns, up 1 from 2. Cooldown 2, up 1 from 1.
- Ryuuken: Quincy Shot cooldown is now 0, down 1 from 1.
- Bankai Kenpachi: Bankai health set is now 75, up 10 from 65.

Nerfs:
- Kidou Urahara: Suspended Seal Destruction now drains 1, down 1 from 2.
- Res Harribel: Hirviendo now decreases damage by 5, down 5 from 10.
- Tousen: Suzumushi duration lowered from 4 to 3.

Hotfix:
- Ress Barragan: Respira now has a cooldown of 2, up 1 from 1.

Tweak:
- Tesla: Crush verruga energy removal now properly works

Buffs:
- Orihime: Triple Heavenly Linking Shield now gives 30 DD, up 10 from 20.
              : Twin Heavenly Returning Shield now heals 25 hp per turn, up 5 from 20.

- Tessai   : Head Basher will deal 10 if stunned, up 5 from 5.
              : Binding Spell Kin will only cost 1 blue, stuns strategic skills for 1 turn.

- Numb    : Seed Control is no longer random

- Res Starrk : Los Lobos now deals 30 damage.

Nerfs:
- Rukia Spirit glove now costs 2 random, up 1 from 1.
- B Byakuya White Imperial Sword 30 dmg, from 35. Cooldown 2, up 1 from 1.
- Ururu Rampage now costs 1 white and 1 random
- Sparrow Uryuu Rain of Light 15 dmg, down 5 from 20. Cooldown is now 2, up 1 from 1.
- Ukitake Thunder and Water seal duration is now 1, down 1 from 2
- Ggio Vega's prep now has a cooldown of 2.
- Unohana's locking bondage stripes duration decreased to 2, down 1 from 3.
- Chelute's Surround skill now deals 15 damage each turn, down 5 from 20

1.85b Balance
Hotfix:
- Caja negacion doesnt end when Grimmjow dies
- Segunda's Cero Sneak now works properly
- Resurrecion Starrk's point blank shot does damage properly now
- Resureccion Barragan's Respira can stack on allies (it worked like this but description didnt state it)
- Yamamoto's alt skill now properly switches.
- Cirucci first skill fixed.
- Anti stun skills now work properly
- Many other smaller bug fixes, more bug fixes coming in the next batch update.

Nerfs:
- Gin's Shoot to kill 45+10 changed to 40+5. Gin's eye will show up when ended
- Tousen's Suzumush Enma Kourogi Cooldown increased to 6, up 1 from 5

Buffs:
- Findorr's Water Locking now removes a random energy each turn
- Bankai Byakuya white imperial sword cooldown changed to 1, down 1 from 2.
- Yammy's  cero blast now has 0 cooldown. Down 1 from 1.

• Account Sharing is Strictly forbidden
  
• All matches will be 3/5
  
• Each player will ban 3 characters.
  
• No full teams (no having 3 stunners, affliction, heal, counter, AoE, Drain in 1 team). Toggle “War Mode” on the front page to help you from using full teams
  
• In case of banned character or full team, Screenshot the match for proof (timestamp required). The winner of the match is then able to determine if they take the win or give rematch.
  
• No repeating characters {You can only use Renji once per set}.
  
• No copying teams (2 out of 3 characters of your opponents team. If they use Ichigo + Rukia, you cannot use them in the same team)
  
• If the game bugs, please DM Starrk and explain fully, he can then determine if a rematch is rewarded.
  
• If you leave in the middle of a set, you have 24 hours left to come back.
  
• No screenshot = no proof.
  
• If your opponent used a banned character you still have 24 hours after the set to claim the win, if your opponent until then starts their next match, you're not allowed to claim it anymore and it's your fault for not noticing.
  
• You cannot use the characters listed below in the default list, or the 6 characters banned by both players,
  
• Default; Zaraki Kenpachi, Don Kanonji, Ururu Tsumugiya, Runuganga, Final Form Uryuu, Unohana Retsu, Soifon, Komamura Sajin, Showlong Qufang, Apacci, Mila Rose, Dark Rukia, Senna, Avirama Redder, Ress Yammy, Aaroniera Arruruierie, + ALL NEW BATCHES AFTER THIS TOURNAMENT STARTED
  

Tweaks:
- Ress Yammy's prep targetting now targets the enemy team instead of himself, this skill will not ignore invulnerability anymore. (nerf)

Buffs:
- Armored Yoruichi Guard Smasher now also destroys all destructible defense
- Tousen's suzumushi enma kourogi now takes 4 turns, up 1 from 3.
- Shunsui's Taka Oni Mountain Demon cannot be countered nor reflected
- Bankai Komamura's Heavenly Devastation now deals 35 damage, up 5 from 30.
- Kenpachi's bloodlust cap is now capped at 45, up 15 from 30.
- Gin's Shoot to kill Shinsou additional damage increase increased to 10, up 5 from 5. It now costs 1 red 1 white, instead of 2 red.
- Tessai's Bankin damage increase is now 10, up 5 from 5.
- Ikkanzaka Jidanbou's earthen arena removed the word ''new''

Nerfs:
- Kidou Kira Orchid Sky now has 1 cooldown, up 1 from 0.
- Tesla's Sonido Movement damage increase is now 15, down 5 from 20.
- Avirama Redder's Scalp Aguila's DD reduced to 15, down 10 from 25. Devorar Pluma now deals 15 damage, down 5 from 20.
- Hitsugaya's Sit Upon The Frozen Heavens now deals 30 damage, down 5 from 35.
- Dondochakka's Club Smash now has 1 cooldown, up 1 from 0.
- Senna's blade of recollection now costs 1 white and 1 random,
- Isshin's Agitowari duration decreased from 2 to 1 (fixed weird interaction)
- Findorr's Multi Bala Blast cooldown increased to 1, up 1 from 0. Mask Shattering does not grant any destructible defense anymore
- Uryuu's prep now costs 1 extra random energy
- Ayasegawa's Split and Deviate now steals 10 health, down 5 from 15.

This Topic is for the discussion of the new character Senna, whose mission is invisible.

A Memory Rosary, an object that is made of memories of multiple souls; Senna takes the form of a cheerful, but stubborn young shinigami. When fighting, Senna takes the advantage of her wind-based Zanpakutou, creating tornados that can be used for both defensive and offensive purposes.

Spirit_In_Black wrote:

Quote:As for the final bit, we are trying something new. There is now a mission in the game that none of you can see. That means there's also no way for any of you to know what the mission requirements are. Additionally, there is a special Bleach character(Senna, from the Bleach Movie: Memories of Nobody). This character is permanent. The mission is also at the moment, the hardest mission in the game. What's the reason for this you ask? To create a, hopefully fun, little quest where the community gets together, with those who unlocked her exchanging tips and advice to how they unlocked her, along with creating a long term mission that is difficult to swap win in. We will also never modify the mission requirements for this mission, so they will always stay static.

After Rukia was forcibly merged with Homura and Shizuku, an entity known as Dark Rukia was born. Dark Rukia wields a memory stealing scythe, which she uses to accumulate the enemy's memory and then use it to both aid her allies and harm her enemies.

Similar to the original Official Senna Discussion topic found HERE, this is a topic to discuss Dark Rukia, her mission and conditions.

Spirit_In_Black wrote:

Quote:As for the final bit, we are trying something new. There is now a mission in the game that none of you can see. That means there's also no way for any of you to know what the mission requirements are. Additionally, there is a special Bleach character(Senna, from the Bleach Movie: Memories of Nobody). This character is permanent. The mission is also at the moment, the hardest mission in the game. What's the reason for this you ask? To create a, hopefully fun, little quest where the community gets together, with those who unlocked her exchanging tips and advice to how they unlocked her, along with creating a long term mission that is difficult to swap win in. We will also never modify the mission requirements for this mission, so they will always stay static.

Welp, s-a back and so am I. I was a nobody back during the og s-a but hopefully this time it'll be different. (if any old vanguards memebers/leaders come lmk)